Analysis of tilapia hatchery

Tilapia hatchery is an activity of rearing fish seeds carried out in hatcheries ranging from larvae to a certain size until they are ready to be raised in rearing ponds. Fish hatchery business is a form of farming as well as a link in the fish rearing business. Its function is as a provider of seeds for fish growers. One of the main commodities of fish hatchery that is popularly carried out by Indonesian hatchery farmers is tilapia. This fish commodity has the potential to be developed because it is considered more economically important in the world where the cultivation method is easy, the taste is favored, the price is relatively affordable, and it has a broad tolerance for the environment. In addition, the demand for tilapia both domestically and internationally is quite high.

Fish seed production in one of the regions in Indonesia, namely in Sleman Regency during 2011 to 2016 Has increased, where fish seed production in 2015 was 785,857,500 fish and increased to 843,611,580 fish in 2016. Increased seed production This fish was driven by an increase in the production of dominant seeds, namely catfish, tilapia, grasscarp and gouramy. Of the total production, the seeds produced by the government in 2016 through the Fish Seed Center (BBI) were 3,428,780, while the remaining 840,182,800 were produced from the People's Breeding Business (UPR). (Handayani Indah Susanti, 2020)

In general, tilapia hatchery activities start from preparing male and female broodstock that are gonadally mature. After that, spawning male and female breeders. Tilapia spawning will usually take seven days from the time the broods are stocked together. The incubation process for one week tilapia eggs hatch into larvae. Fish larvae that hatch will swim to the edge of the pond, larvae that swim to the edge are then taken with a fine sieve and transferred to a nursery that has been prepared with a certain treatment, which has been given fertilizer beforehand so that later natural food will grow as larvae food. Nursery there are three stages, namely each stage takes approximately 21 days, until the seeds are 8-10cm in size then the seeds are ready to be transferred to the enlargement pond. Usually the seeds that are ready to be transferred to an enlargement pond are 8-10 cm in size and weigh approximately 100 grams.

In the tilapia hatchery business, the size of the average income obtained by the farmer is determined by the size of the costs incurred. To find out the income from this hatchery business, business analysis is needed. The following is an example of a business analysis with the following assumptions:

The business assumptions for parenting, spawning, and nursery ponds from wall ponds are as follows:

• Nine ponds with a size of 500 m²
• Tilapia broodstock as much as 2 packages (100 males: 600 females).
• Fish survival 90%.
• Spawning time 10 days. Within one month, two times spawning and 1 time gonad maturation. The gonad recovery of the female parent is about 1-2 months so that the frequency of spawning in one year is at least six times.
• Harvest size 3-5 cm per head (fill in 5.000 head per box).
• The selling price of fish seeds is IDR 260 per head.
• The number of seeds produced from 600 female parents that spawn 10 times with 500 eggs is 600 x 500 x 10 x 90% = 2,700,000 heads per year.
• Tilapia hatchery cycle period two months. So, one year has six cycles.

1. Investment cost

Table 1. Invesment cost

2. Fixed costs

Table 2. Fixed costs

3. Variable costs

Table 3. Variable costs

4. Business analysis advantage

The price of red tilapia seeds size 3-5 cm is Rp. 260/head. The number of seeds produced is 2.700.000 heads / year with the contents of 1 box of 5.000 birds. So, the receipt of seeds obtained is 2.700.000 heads x Rp.260 = IDR 702.000.000

The total cost of expenditure is IDR 237.225.000. then the profit obtained by the farmer in 1 year is

IDR 702.000.000-IDR 237.225.000 = IDR 464.775.000