Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most widely cultivated freshwater fish export commodities in Indonesia. Tilapia is a freshwater fish that has high economic value, has a high protein content, and has the advantage of breeding quickly. Tilapia is also rich in nutritional content with 16-24% protein content, 0.2-2.2% fat, and also contains carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins that are good for health. In addition, tilapia is also classified as a type of fish that is able to withstand disturbances and disease attacks.
In general, people only know tilapia without knowing the types. Though tilapia has many types with the uniqueness of each type. For this reason, it is necessary to understand and provide information to the public regarding the types of tilapia that are widely cultivated in Indonesia, especially for cultivators so that they can choose the right type of tilapia to be cultivated in order to minimize material losses. For this reason, it is important to know the types of fish that have the best quality. Here are some types of tilapia that are commonly cultivated and have proven good quality.
1. Srikandi tilapia (salinity resistant improvement tilapia from Sukamandi)
Source: bppisukamandi.kkp.go.id
The name Srikandi stands for Salinity Resistant Improvement Tilapia from Sukamandi. This species is a superior strain of tilapia resulting from a cross between a female nirvana black tilapia and a male blue tilapia. As the name implies, this fish can survive in brackish water. They can adapt to higher salinity levels than their natural habitat in freshwater. Tilapia's breeding time is about 3-4 months before it is finally harvested. The weight of this type of tilapia is about 250 grams per head.
The advantages according to the Sukamandi Fish Breeding Research Institute (BRPI):
- High salinity tolerance, 20-30 ppt, SR+ 80%
- Fast growth, 3 months size 4
- Higher protein, 17.06% > local tilapia
- Better taste is preferred by consumers
- High in omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids
- Can be polycultures with vannamei shrimp
- Low FCR in ponds: 0.7-1.1 (consuming natural feed in ponds)
2. Larasati tilapia
Source: mediatani.com
This species is a local tilapia developed by the Janti Fish Seed Center, in Klaten. This fish is the result of crossbreeding between male pandu tilapia and female kunti tilapia. This fish has a 90% survival rate, so this fish is easy to cultivate with a variety of media such as swift water, calm water, brackish water, or artificial water ponds. Larasati tilapia was designated as quality fry according to the decision of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia, namely Kep 79/Men/2009 dated October 23, 2009.
Its advantages include:
- Can be developed in various pond media such as calm water pools, swift water, brackish water, or artificial ponds.
- Very strong against Streptococcus bacteria and Algalectiae insects.
- Able to grow quickly.
- More meat.
- High survival rate.
3. BEST Tilapia (Bogor Enhanced Strain Tilapia)
Source: intanblog.com
BEST stands for Bogor Enhanced Strain Tilapia. BEST tilapia is the result of breeding using superior characters in growth. This fish was produced through a research process conducted bf the Bogor Freshwater Aquaculture ResInstitute's research team ands been released by the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. This type of tilapia is physically similar to the GIFT type. BEST females can lay up to 1,500-2,800 eggs per head. The weight of the brood can reach 400 grams, so the size of the eggs is quite large.
The advantages according to the Research and Development Results Seed and Parent Information System (SISINBE) include:
- Resistant to extreme environmental conditions.
- Faster growth.
- Has 3-5 times more eggs than other tilapia.
- The larvae produced are relatively large.
- The survival rate is above 90%.
- Fecundity of 1,500-2,800 eggs per head with parent weight between 280-400 grams.
- Resistant to disease.
4. GESIT Tilapia (Genetically Supermale Indonesia Tilapia)
Source: erakini.com
GESIT tilapia (Genetically Supermale Indonesia Tilapia) was developed by IPB, BPPT, and BBPBAT in 2006. This fish is genetically engineered GIFT tilapia (Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapias) from the Philippines. The government brought in the aquatic animals twice; in 1994 and 1997. This fish has the ability to grow very fast, at the age of 4-5 months it can reach a size of 8 cm. Nile tilapia can weigh up to 500-600 grams per fish. One advantage of GESIT tilapia is that it is able to produce male tilapia which has a survival rate of up to 98 percent.
The advantages according to the Research and Development Results Seed and Parent Information System (SISINBE) include:
- The seeds produced by 90% are male tilapia.
- 30% faster growth.
- The optimum growth temperature is 25 C.
- Immune to disease.
- It is safer to consume than tilapia which uses hormones.
5. Jatimbulan Tilapia (Jawa Timur Umbulan)
Source: dictio.id
Jatimbulan tilapia which has the meaning of East Java Umbulan is one of the best quality tilapia fish that is widely cultivated. In addition, as for the advantages when cultivating Jatimbulan fish, namely its fast growth so it is easy to grow up to 30 cm. Another advantage is having a fairly strong immune system from the threat of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria.
The advantages according to the Research and Development Results Seed and Parent Information System (SISINBE) include:
- Resistant to salinity up to 30 ppt by adaptation method.
- Incredible growth speed.
- To reach a consumption size of 300-400 g/head, Jatimbulan takes 3-3.5 months from a stocking size of 4-6 cm; 4 months when stocking 1 cm.
- Male to female ratio 70:30
Reference:
https://bppisukamandi.kkp.go.id/komoditas/produk-rilis/ikan-nila-srikandi/
https://sisinbe.kkp.go.id/web/varietas_info/24.html
https://sisinbe.kkp.go.id/web/varietas_info/8.html
https://sisinbe.kkp.go.id/web/varietas_info/7.html
https://bacaterus.com/jenis-jenis-ikan-nila/
https://rahasiabelajar.com/jenis-ikan-nila/
http://duniaikan.web.id/jenis-jenis-ikan-nila-yang-unggul-dan-banyak-di-budidayakan-di-indonesia/
https://erakini.com/jenis-ikan-nila/
https://erakini.com/jenis-ikan-nila/
